Wednesday 27 July 2016

Kaziranga and the deluge

Way back in September, 2008 the company I worked for in Delhi sent me to an official trip to the London office in UK. Unfortunately I got cautioned by the metropolitan police, just a day after landing, for carrying a pen-knife in my bag to a public place (the Big Ben). At the police station I was asked to produce my passport. On questioning I told them that I hailed from Assam in India. It is then that one of my interrogators commented “The place from where the tea comes from and also famous for the rhinos”. On the verge of tears I added “And oil too”.
Those tears of mine dried up as I was dropped at the apartment in Pimlico by the two police personnel late at night with a “Enjoy your stay in London” but today while watching one of the local news channels (which I rarely do) highlighting the floods inside the national park, brought back fresh flood of tears.
Wild animals still alive  swept away along with the current, rhino calves separated from its mother, dhekia-potia bagh (wild feline) floating and struggling between life and death, deer taking shelter and other wild beats escaping the inundated areas and fleeing towards the national highway- 37 and the embankments, rhino calf barging inside the bamboo-fenced compound of a house-hold in the fringe village, animal carcass floating in the river-water, were a few clippings which were enough to kindle moisture in the eyes of this animal lover. The not so fortunate ones of God’s own creations met with a watery grave. Needless to say, poachers lurking around may find the easiest catch.
Kaziranga situated in the floodplains of the mighty river Brahmaputra encompasses the districts of Golaghat and Nowgaon to which Sonitpur was also added later. A few kilometers upstream is Majuli, the largest riverine habitable island in the world. Both Kaziranga and Majuli are the two geographical hotspots within Assam which is facing the vagaries of flood and its accompanying unabated natural erosion. The national park, also a world heritage site declared by UNESCO, is the habitat of several endemic, endangered and vulnerable species. Its rich biodiversity in terms of both flora and fauna is enriched by the complex interaction of diverse biotic and abiotic factors including the river water of Brahmaputra. The ecosystem in KNP is not only unique but also different from those of other national parks within India like the Corbett NP in U’khand etc. owing to different its physiography, climate,  soil, etc. The river Brahmaputra sustains life of the wild creatures of the park by recharging the beels (wetlands) and the natural water-holes and replenishing and rejuvenating the complex ecosystem of KNP. The irony is that the river water of Brahmaputra which sustains life in this national park also takes away countless lives of wild beasts during the monsoon season.
Years ago my animal lover friend Azam Siddiqui, whom I knew from my association with PFA, emailed me a photograph captured by the famous photographer Rituraj Konwar wherein predators and preys alike (in KNP) were clinging on to dear life, as each stood in the temporary make-shift elevated platform erected by the forest department at the time of one such floods in Assam. Such is nature’s marvel.
As a student of Geography, I learnt about the sculpturing of the earth’s surface by the different agents of erosion viz. running-water, glacier, sea-waves, under-ground water and wind. Its blessings are in the form of beautiful meandering course of the river, ox-bow lakes, natural levee and flood-plain in the middle course of a river, as is commonly seen in Assam. After the flood water recedes, it leaves behind rich alluvial deposit which is highly fertile for the cultivation of different crops, esp. our staple crop rice. It is nature’s way to supplement soil nutrients derived from weathering and transportation which enriches the soil.
Nature is the best sculptor, agreed. But at what cost? Dhemaji is the worst flood-prone district in Assam, which gets cut-off from the rest of the state at the time of high floods. I consider myself to be so fortunate sitting at home (parental home), sipping my cup of evening tea as I watch the news. Entire villages swept clean by the killer-flood, standing crops bull-dozed by the flow, domesticated animals either swept away or have to be carried to safer areas by their owners from the angry-hungry river. Life is brought to a complete standstill. People are brought down to the roads, reduced to beggars (often seen begging in Guwahati), with nothing to eat, no other clothes to wear, no home to go to because the flood water either submerged it or swept it all. Everything wiped clean when it came surging. The tribals esp. the Mishings have built their homes on stilted platform owing to the floods which hits the headlines annually without fail. They have learnt to acclimatize with the ravages of floods.
I remember my father brought home some answer scripts for checking which was for a job opening. One of the questions was on “Floods in Assam” (probably an essay). An examinee wrote “Assam’s flood is compulsory”. That one liner is a dark humour. It just knocks everything down, like a glacier mowing down whatever comes on its way.
While porcupine structures and geo-bags are erected as a measure to check erosion and minimize the devastation caused by floods, these are not permanent solutions. If at all floods have to be controlled the entire catchment area must be taken into consideration which includes the states of Arunachal, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Manipur and Sikkim because the tributaries of river Brahmaputra and also Barak down south in Assam either originates or flows through these states. It is a known fact our neighbor Arunachal is damned by the ongoing building of mega-dams to generate hydro-electricity, so much sought after by city/ town-dwellers and the unsatiable industries to run its engines. Pristine-virgin lands of Arunachal Himalayas have been submerged to make way for such projects, definitely not on sustainable lines, and not in consultation with the locales. It is pertinent to highlight here that entire northeast India falls in the highest seismic zone (Zone V). Trees which binds the soils together has been axed at an alarming rate, that much of Arunachal’s once sylvan cover, can be easily detected on the satellite imageries standing bare and exposed. With lofty mountain without the binding element, there is a free-flow of river load further downstream. There is no denying the fact that deforestation is also silently going on at our own backyard. We are hungry for land. We don’t think twice before we chop-off trees in order to clear the forest so as make way for agriculture or some other economic activity. The teeming Indians and their ever increasing numbers is the moot cause.
A villager who was interviewed by the media broke-down in tears having lost everything to the floods- his child, his agricultural field with its crops, his livestock, nothing to call his own.  My husband who also hailed from Dhemaji once narrated an incident about floods. As a youth while out to provide food and clothes the relief providers were shocked to see two dead bodies that of a mother and her daughter, locked in a tight embrace as they drowned in the flood water.
The solution to controlling floods doesn’t lie in the interlinking of rivers (as in Europe). Assam faces drought-like conditions in the non-monsoon period. Aquatic life in the rivers could be jeopardized in the name of checking floods. We cannot simply copy and paste- what is good in Europe may not be good in India when it comes to inter-linking of rivers. How will we check pollution of river Brahmaputra considering river Ganga and its tributary Yamuna is far too polluted than our Brahmaputra. Why must river-water pollution spread out to lesser polluted natural waterways?
All the governments who were in power in Assam could have come up with a permanent solution to tame the problem of Assam’s flood. What can we expect from a government whose leader who led the state until a few months before stated humorously that people can use bamboo plantain bhur (raft) when such a natural calamity strike. With a change of power, more so because the current chief minister of Assam whose constituency is Majuli, will things improve for the better? Let’s hope it does, fingers-crossed.
If we don’t care for our trees and our forest which is the home of the wild animals, a day will come when our natural forest will stealthily turn into urban concrete jungles. Will we go wild then?


                                                                                                                        -By Karobi Gogoi

Wednesday 6 July 2016

Marks Market


“Do you know where I can buy marks?” asked the child to his cousin. The child was Bhargabh Barman who studied in class IV in a city school. His cousin Jitu who came from the remote Dhemaji town was there to spend his vacation at his maternal uncle’s house in Guwahati. Bhargabh was willing to shell out his accumulated wealth from his piggy bank which was in the shape of a piglet made out of coconut- the pocket money which he got whenever his mother didn’t pack his lunch-box to school. Little did his parents know that their child at times feasted on other’s lunch boxes- devouring on noodles, cakes, rolls, sandwiches, sweets and whatever satiated his taste-bud.
Bhargabh’s Ma was always after him to study. Study in the morning, study in the afternoon (if it was a Sunday or any holiday), study in the evening and still some more study at night. He was curious to know the location of the Marks Market because the other day he had heard his parents discussing that the class X board examination’s Mathematics question paper was leaked and he had also watched in the T.V. about the recent Bihar episode where a girl student became a state topper who didn’t even know her subjects right.
If his cousin Jitu was not able to help him out then he can always ask the neighbourhood hero Ron, few years older than him and who was a storehouse of valuable information. At the same time he also tried to check the location of Bihar in his Oxford atlas which he got from the book fair last time. Not far away from Assam, only the state of West Bengal was sandwiched in between Assam and Bihar. It measured just his little finger’s breadth. His mind wheeled on a railway coach to Bihar where he was sure to easily procure good marks without any effort (unaware to his parents) and which they would show it to their relatives, friends and neighbours and distribute sweets too if it happened to be the board examination. Now board had a different meaning to him. He had heard from his seniors about a CBSE board and his school was under SEBA board and his classmate’s elder brother went to an ICSE board. Then one of his cousins who was in a boarding school at Dehradun in Uttarakhand was under IGCSE board. Perhaps it referred to the different boards wherein a teacher wrote in the class room or so he thought.
When he went to Beltola market with his father on a Sunday, he had his eyes and ears wide open for he was in search of a vendor who sold marks; good marks, many marks or just any marks but passing marks, to any or many student(s) buyer(s). When his mother took him to Khadim’s in Ganeshguri to get him a pair of new shoes as the one he had was old and torn out in the monsoon rains, his searching eyes picked up the tiny new shoes; kept neatly arranged in racks in the shop, to check if it had marks hidden below or if it came inside shoe boxes. When the fruit and vegetable vendors or the fish-seller came to his locality, he hurriedly rushed in front to check if they also sold marks for money. If only marks flowed like the waters of the river Brahmaputra which skirted his city or if there was a torrential downpour of marks like the way it rains in Assam during the monsoon or more still instead of the flood waters if only it flooded everywhere with marks, how lucky all the students would be. But alas! He had no such magic wand. When the kabbadiwallah too came for collecting used plastic and glass bottles and old newspapers and magazines with a weighing machine and his cart he thought perhaps he was a godsend for him. But no, no such kabbadiwallah ever came to him with a cartload of marks. Before the approach of winter too when he heard the strumming of the quilt-maker’s instrument go twang-twang and he saw the soft fluffy cotton in jute sack, he wondered if it would fluff out marks instead of the light raw-material. How comforting it would be to sleep in a quilt of good marks which would keep the cold wintry days at bay!
Sunday through Saturday he had to strut accompanied by his Mommy to his private tutors houses: first Biren Tamuli sir’s house every Monday, Wednesday and Friday. On each of those days he tried his best to store all the mathematical calculations in his small brain which weighed just a few grams resting on his small head. His one hour class at Biren Tamuli’s house could best be termed as a mind ‘out-of-class’. But who cared apart from his parents who had to burn a hole in their pocket by shelling out Rs 1600 per month for they had a dream to make him an engineer one day. Engineering without mathematics is like eating one’s favourite meals without the braces on. Not naturally digestible, quite naturally.
Second, all Tuesdays and Thursdays were meant for English, two days where he had to listen to Miss Sampson’s dull and monotonous lectures for an hour without fail. The only attraction at visiting Miss Sampson’s house was the pet dog who barked at almost anyone who barged inside the compound. However, Bhargabh being an animal lover knew that Janus, Miss Sampson’s pet dog who was spotted with black dots on a white milky coat, communicated something else to him. His bough-wough with a waggy tail was what Bhargabh looked forward to. He loved to pat Miss Sampson’s pet in as much Janus loved being patted by him. The pet would at times stand in between Bhargabh’s legs with his tail moving like a pendulum or would place his forepaw on the child literally standing up or would run away from him for a minute or so and dash towards him at lightning speed, all this much to his mother’s annoyance. The rest of his English class would slowly tick-tock by, his often wandering thoughts diverting from English to what pranks Janus was up to when he had to read and write his lessons in English prose, English grammar and English composition. Every time he had to write a few exercises on the parts of speech- nouns, pronouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives, prepositions, conjunctions, interjections and now articles too, Miss Sampson asked him to write ‘grammar’ on top followed by the actual heading and at the same time she ensured that he wrote the dates and drew straight margins with a pointed pencil. But he would always write GRAMMER without fail instead of grammar. If the English words ‘drummer’, ‘hammer’ and ‘stammer’ sounded the same as grammar then why was it spelled differently towards the end, he couldn’t infer. Saturdays was again devoted to Hindi because none at home could guide him about the language. He particularly had to struggle with the gender in Hindi since his mother-tongue had gender-neutral words. He was fluent in Hindi because he was constantly glued to the Hindi cartoon channels whenever there were no prying eyes darting at him. On Sundays he was forced to go to his neighbour’s house where Miss Jyotika Talukdar taught him his mother-tongue Assamese. No respite for him even on a Sunday. When he went for his Assamese classes, as also when he returned back, he saw his mother (and father too) with eyes all focused on the T.V. watching serials.  But when he would try to settle down too with them, he would be shooed away. Bhargabh was always thankful that there was no more than seven days in a week else his mother would drag him to yet another private tutor.  He had heard about a particular day ‘dry day’ it was referred to by his father, probably once or twice, and he silently wondered what sort of day it was as it was neither reflected in his school’s time-table nor in the calendar which decorated the living room of his parents.
Also, the other day his English teacher at school Miss D’souza gave a surprise test on the lesson ‘Heidi’. When he showed his answer script to Miss Sampson, it seemed to him that her eyes would pop-out of its socket. After all what he wrote in his answer to the question “Who was Heidi?” (by Johanna Spyrri) was “Heidi is a two volume, young village girl”. He knew his answers right and he was sure to get good marks this time. At times he got confused with the spellings and the words so when in his social studies question paper the students were asked to write about the problems of overpopulation in India, he wrote “Overpopulation leads to storage of food grains”.  (instead of ‘shortage’). In yet another question on ‘What are the factors which influence the climate of India?’ he remembered his Social Studies teacher Mr Barua telling something about the Tropic of Cancer so he wrote about the imaginary line Tropic of Cancer  and added “India has lot of cancer” to it. He had heard his distant aunt dying of cancer recently as also his neighbor from the other block. The disease was as alien to him as this imaginary line called the ‘Tropic of Cancer’ and he wrote down what he only felt. He thought the question to be wrongly printed as he couldn’t gauge the correlation between India’s climate and cancer. Then there was another question on “How is solar energy used in India?” Mr Barua was surprised to read Bhargabh’s answer “Solar energy is used for hotting and cocking in India (instead of heating and cooking). Barua Sir couldn’t help sharing this with his wife before going to bed at night. And just before he slept the only thought that came to his mind was “O My God! Is this what I have taught my students’!”
Looking at his Hindi copy his Hindi teacher at school Mr Shivbali commented, “Erre, yeah toh abhisehi doctor jaisa likhne lege hain”. (He has started to write just like a doctor from now itself). Needless to say everyone in the class started laughing at Shivbali sir’s joke including the ones whose handwriting resembled nothing less than a scavenging crow’s filthy feet.
Miss D’souza, their English teacher asked the students to prepare for the play “The Demon and the Dancer” based on a story of their English textbook. In the story, Bhasmasura, the demon of ashes was burnt by the Goddess of Power who came disguised as a dancer. Bhargabh who was selected for the role of the woman dancer had to ask Bhasmasura if he could dance like her. The way Bhargabh enacted especially his dancing mudras tickled everyone’s bones with laughter. Even Miss D’souza’s face saw a curve of smile followed by laughter. Towards the end of the play the entire class applauded for the actors for their superb performance especially Bhargabh’s.
Life without studies was easy going. In school he was branded as the naughtiest boy in his class. His teachers found it hard to force him to write, which only meant copying down directly from the blackboard. However, naughty Bhargabh would like a wandering satellite, turn back and hit Jumon, the one who had a rich eye-bladder and who would also keep moving his body at varying angles even while class was in progress and at times standing up for no reason or Manash who was the second naughtiest in his class or Pratik who was the most talkative or Manav who was the loudest among all 66 students. Bharghab would saunter as soon as the teacher turned back to write on the blackboard and he snatched either a pen or a pencil or an eraser or a ruler or a sharpener from his classmates or in the worst possible case tease a girl of his class. His class teacher Mr. Ramesh Paswan (also from Bihar), who was new to the school had a tough time controlling him and the bunch of pesky in his class. Paswan sir could never forget the day when in the very first period and this is before the students wished him good morning, a boy Samir by name, shouted loud and clear and complained- “Sir, tomorrow (meaning yesterday) Bhargabh told me sexy”. Paswan sir didn’t know whether to blush in embarrassment or to scold the child, who used that word tomorrow, err . . . yesterday, uff . . . today as well or to ignore his comments altogether like an ostrich with its head buried under the sand. Children as young as a class IV student, few of them if not all, knew a few slangs- words they might have either picked up at home, in their locality or elsewhere.
Bhargabh was not only active in games and sports but would always bag a prize in whichever games he participated in. Winning in sports competition was in his blood, something he inherited from his father Ramen Barman who worked in Assam Sachibalaya. His father had got the government job on sports quota and Bhargabh was also destined to do so, necessary terms and conditions applicable herein- if there is no intervention from his parents. They knew of their son’s interest in games and sports particularly in athletics but ignored it straightaway like a sweet-meat seller who ignores flies settling down on the sugary- syrupy- sweet mithais. How many can become Tendukars and pehelwans and emulate our very own Shiv Thappa?
His mother would always take him to the nearby temple on Saturdays since it was a holiday at school. His prayers to the idol was to make him pass in the school examination especially Mathematics and English, the two subjects in which he got a red line in his progress report. In order to pass the school’s promotion examination without getting a red line he was even ready to sacrifice the much forbidden bite from the unripe berries which he and his friends saw growing in the berry tree which stood in the corner of the playground where children played cricket. It was a commonly held belief amongst children of his age that one bite from the unripe berry and the student would invariably flunk in the examination. How he wished if one day instead of berries, marks, eh, mind you, good marks . . . showered from its bountiful boughs and he would stand right below the berry tree waiting to pick it up from the ground; slightly bad marks he would discard it like the unripe or rotten berries and collect only the best of the best in his shirt and pant pockets. If need be, he was only too willing to be like the actor Salman Khan, to bare out his chest and be clad only in his white vest in his mission on amassing marks. On Saraswati Puja- the Goddess of knowledge, learning and wisdom, Bhargabh would never take non-veg. even though chicken was his all time favourite. If he can sacrifice non-veg. just for a single day, Goddess Saraswati can never ignore such a devout bhakt and may perhaps bless him with at least passing marks.
During Durga Puja, on the day when Ma Durga is just about to be taken for immersion, he and his battalion of neighbourhood gang of boys could be seen carrying various academic books- some carrying Science text books, others with Hindi on their hands, some others loaded with Assamese and some like him, almost the entire wooden table of books minus the table of course, as they chanted to Ma Durga to bless them with a promotion to the next class.
A few days back, Bipin borta- his paternal uncle who worked in the Digboi refinery came to his house and over a cup of tea informed his family about his possible transfer to Barauni Refinery in Bihar.  Bihar once again rang a bell to him as did Barua Sir, his Social Studies teacher at school while explaining the chapter on ‘Our Valuable Resources’. “Children, there is a pipeline which transports oil from Assam to Barauni refinery in Bihar” as Barua sir pointed to the India map which stood next to the blackboard hung on the ply-board partition which separated classroom IV and V. And he imagined he was floating in a bed of oil inside the pipeline which transports Assam’s oil to the state where there was a market for marks. His vision of scoring high marks was about to come true with Bipin borta’s transfer. There were two classmates who originally hailed from Bihar- Sunny and Sunil. He knew about their native place because both had reported late to school when it reopened after the summer vacation. Sunil came back with a tonsured head as his paternal grandfather had passed away during the holidays and all the boys had made fun of Sunil since only a tiny pony tail, resembling his piggy-bank’s tail, appeared on his almost empty head protruding like a barren island in a sea. He would remember to ask Sunny and Sunil about the marks market in their native place. Perhaps they would be able to provide some vital clues.
But he had to first find out how much money he had saved up until then in his piggy bank. Bhargabh, unlike other students, didn’t know the art of cheating directly in the examination. His classmate Aniruddha was caught red-handed by another English teacher Mrs Chatterjee who taught English in the senior classes. Mrs Chatterjee does chatter like a chattering Magpie and also makes others laugh with her chatter and there’s no full-stop to her constant chatter and the accompanying laughter). Miss D’souza was called to the examination hall to check if the answers handwritten in small and short chits tallied with any of the examination questions. One question sure did, the one on “How Tenali Raman was able to bag the award of a thousand gold coins from the king?” While Miss D’souza checked the notes written by Aniruddha and cross-checked his handwriting written in his English copy it was found that the way he wrote the letters particularly the ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘i’ and ‘t’ matched ditto as in those chits. Five solid marks Aniruddha lost. Bhargabh who was Roll No. 6 and came right after Aniruddha Borthakur (Roll No. 5) got all the running commentary from the two English teachers (sans Mrs Chatterjee’s laughter this time). This happened last year but the incident was still fresh in his mind. Anirudha who was weak in English just like him was promoted on consideration. Bhargabh could never imagine getting a good hiding from his father for cheating in the examination.
The school’s annual examination was round the corner. Bhargabh would very often dream that he is unable to write as a teacher- his Mathematics or English teacher, yelling at him to write fast as the bell will ring in no time. And he would wake up from his sleep with a start with his forehead laced with beads of warm sweat.
Then, one day while going for his private tuition to Miss Sampson’s house, Janus whispered something in Bhargabh’s ear when he went to greet him still wagging his tail and emitting a low ‘bouuuuugh’- “Watch my shadow”. Janus knew a few tricks like pawing when asked to shake hands with others or to run away when the chain was brought to tie him in the garage. At times Bhargabh also saw him playing with a ball or chasing his own shadow or going round and round in circles holding his tail firmly with his sharp canine teeth.
Just when Bhargabh thought he had heard Janus communicate something to him, he ran away towards the house responding to the call of Naini, Miss Sampson’s helper. And as he ran so did his shadow. He saw the image of Ma Saraswati in Janus’s shadow who told him these lines- “Child, don’t run after marks. The ultimate aim of education is to gain knowledge and not to adorn your report card with marks.” His mother who was standing next to him saw Janus running free and Bhargabh too could sense that what he saw was perceived by his mother too. A shadow falls only when there is light. Let every child’s life be candled by the light of knowledge. Marks would follow automatically, like a shadow, if a student is passionate about learning and develops an interest in the subject. Why go for only marks without having an understanding? The world is your oyster and it is for you to find the pearl hidden inside it. If you don’t use your brain it will rust and very soon it will stop functioning like a rusted machine. The son and mother saw Janus running all around the compound like a child left free. Bhargabh’s mother had a vague montage of her child drowning in the oil pipeline, with him asphyxiated by his school bag which weighs more than him as also by his more than dozen books and copies bulldozing him under its pressure. His mother pinched herself as Janus, the gate-keeper of Miss Sampson’s house, awoke the mother in her and hugging Bhargabh once, she let her child run after the dog, to chase his own dreams and aspirations. The very next day she took her child to the nearest stadium for his admission in the sports of his interest.


Dear parents, would you want your child to grow and learn by sinking in a quagmire of marks or would you love to let your child grow naturally like a sapling, nurtured and nourished by parents and teachers alike, where there is no rat-race for getting marks, marks set much above expectation? There is edutainment in the process of learning. There are students who cheat in the examination hall by adopting unfair means, both verbal and written, with the sole aim of gaining a few extra marks. What purpose will it serve if a student doesn’t even know the answer? S/he will only be marks rich but knowledge poor. If only every family, every parents encourage their children not to read and learn by rote, if nobody pressurized anybody (if you know what I mean?), won’t there be a greater percentage of passed students than failed? Parrot learning, learning by rote, mugging up answers may be the shortest route but such short-cuts in the highway to gaining marks by a few notch is never the surest way of easy access but is an cul-de-sac as it can only lead to long delays in storing our granary of knowledge and ameliorating our skills which comes with learning and understanding.

While hand-holding is required, parental helicopteering must be avoided. It is the parents who build up undue pressure on their child to scale the peak of ‘Mountain of Marks’ not realizing that there could be an avalanche or the child could be trapped in a crevice. Let the child scale such a height on his or her own. Like the beautiful and sweet-scented wildflowers which grow with the right amount of sunshine and rain on the high valleys and mountain sides, let your child also grow, in quite the natural way.

(All characters are fictitious.)